Wedges¶
Typearray
A wedge is an interface maintaining consistent probe positioning relative to the inspected surface. The wedges array is shared across all supported technologies; technology-specific geometry is described by the required wedge type subobject.
UT Ultrasonic wedges direct sound waves into the material at a specific angle, enabling detection of flaws at different orientations and ensuring efficient energy transfer between the probe and the test piece.
ET Eddy current wedges are primarily used to position the probe relative to the specimen. Typically, EC probes are used in direct contact with the part (including some protective tape), in which case a Contact wedge model is used. In some situations, a probe may be applied to a pre-formed shape that does not conform to the surface, in which case a specific wedge model may be used.
A generic wedge object features the following properties.
| Property | Type | Technology | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
id required |
integer | All | Unique wedge id in the JSON structure, referenced in wedgeAssociation |
model required |
string | All | Wedge model reference |
| serie | string | UT | Wedge series reference |
| serialNumber | string | All | Wedge serial number |
positioning required |
object | All | Wedge position with respect to the specimen surface |
One of the following required wedge type objects:
|
object | UT |
Related objects: wedgeAssociation
positioning¶
Typeobject
The positioning object describes the wedge position with respect to the specimen and its surface.
| Property | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
specimenId required |
integer | Related specimen id (plate, pipe, bar) |
surfaceId required |
integer | Related surface id (plate surface, pipe surface, bar surface) |
uCoordinateOffset required |
number | Offset relative to the \(u\) axis |
vCoordinateOffset required |
number | Offset relative to the \(v\) axis or coordinate object |
skewAngle required |
number | Skew angle in degrees |
Related objects: specimens, surfaces
angleBeamWedge¶
UT Typeobject
The angleBeamWedge object describes an angle beam wedge.
| Property | Type | Unit | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
width required |
number | m | Width of the wedge |
height required |
number | m | Height of the wedge |
length required |
number | m | Length of the wedge |
longitudinalVelocity required |
number | m/s | Longitudinal velocity of ultrasound waves inside the wedge material |
mountingLocations required |
array | - | A mountingLocations array |
| pocketDepth | number | m | Pocket depth of the wedge |
Hypotheses and conventions:
- Wedge body and contact surface are considered symmetrical.
- The wedge contact surface (with the specimen) is flat or curved with a single radius of curvature.
- The probe contact surface is flat.
- The positioning of the probe first element on a given wedge, the mounting location, is standardized by design of the probe/wedge assembly.
- The wedge coordinate system \((x_w, y_w, z_w)\) origin is centered at the bottom of its front face (see figure below).
- The \((y_w)\) axis is aligned with the wedge length, \((x_w)\) with the wedge width, and \((z_w)\) with the wedge height.
Flat wedges — For flat wedges, the above rules apply straightforwardly with no ambiguity in probe positioning.
Curved wedges — Wedges for tubular components typically have a matching curved surface which requires additional conventions. Typical configurations are axial outer diameter (AOD) or circumferential outer diameter (COD). The curved face is handled by redefining the tertiary offset and specifying the actual wedge curvature in the wedge object. The tertiary offset is currently expressed for a flat wedge machined to the desired curvature.
fluidColumn¶
UT Typeobject
The fluidColumn object describes a fluid column between the probe and the specimen, similarly to the angleBeamWedge object.
| Property | Type | Unit | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
nominalHeight required |
number | m | Nominal height of the fluid column |
longitudinalVelocity required |
number | m/s | Longitudinal velocity of ultrasound waves inside the fluid |
mountingLocations required |
array | - | A mountingLocations array |
mountingLocations¶
UT Typearray
The mountingLocations array describes the mounting location(s) of the wedge.
| Property | Type | Unit | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
id required |
integer | - | Mounting location id referenced in wedgeAssociation |
wedgeAngle required |
number | degree | Wedge angle |
| squintAngle | number | degree | Wedge squint angle |
| roofAngle | number | degree | Wedge roof angle |
primaryOffset required |
number | m | Wedge primary offset |
secondaryOffset required |
number | m | Wedge secondary offset |
tertiaryOffset required |
number | m | Wedge tertiary offset |
Hypotheses and conventions:
- A probe is maintained in position on a wedge through an interface face — the mounting location — whose origin \((x_m, y_m, z_m)\) is defined by primaryOffset, secondaryOffset, and tertiaryOffset plus three angles:
- wedgeAngle \(\beta\): Angle between the normal of the interface face \(z_m\) and the \(z_w\) axis.
- squintAngle \(\alpha\): Angle between the projection of the probe primary axis on the \(x_w\)/\(y_w\) plane \(y_m\) and the \(y_w\) axis.
- roofAngle \(\gamma\): Angle between \(x_m\) and \(x_w\), defined by a rotation around the probe primary axis.
- The wedge skew angle is the angle between the wedge and the u axis on the surface of the part at the wedge origin.
- The probe \((x_p, y_p, z_p)\) origin and orientation in \((x_w,y_w,z_w)\) coordinates result from the successive application of the offsets and angles above. The origin of the probe coordinate system is the center of the first probe element.
- Multiple mountingLocations can be defined on a single wedge, e.g. for Dual Linear Array (DLA) or Dual Matrix Array (DMA) probes.
Examples¶
UT Phased array wedge examples
"wedges": [
{
"id": 0,
"model": "SA32-N55S",
"serie": "SA32",
"angleBeamWedge": {
"width": 0.03,
"height": 0.03315,
"length": 0.0615,
"longitudinalVelocity": 2330.0,
"mountingLocations": [
{
"id": 0,
"wedgeAngle": 36.1,
"primaryOffset": -0.055520000000000007,
"secondaryOffset": 0.0,
"tertiaryOffset": 0.011
}
],
"pocketDepth": 0.0
},
"positioning": {
"specimenId": 0,
"surfaceId": 0,
"uCoordinateOffset": 0.0,
"vCoordinateOffset": 0.0,
"skewAngle": 90.0
}
}
]
"wedges": [
{
"id": 0,
"model": "SA15-N30S-IH 2-3-5",
"serie": "SA15",
"angleBeamWedge": {
"width": 0.022,
"height": 0.00936,
"length": 0.01864,
"longitudinalVelocity": 2330.0,
"mountingLocations": [
{
"id": 0,
"wedgeAngle": 21.1,
"primaryOffset": -0.016415,
"secondaryOffset": 0.0,
"tertiaryOffset": 0.004647
}
],
"pocketDepth": 0.0
},
"positioning": {
"specimenId": 0,
"surfaceId": 0,
"uCoordinateOffset": 0.0,
"vCoordinateOffset": 0.0,
"skewAngle": 90.0
}
}
]
"wedges": [
{
"id": 0,
"model": "HydroFORM",
"serie": "SI4",
"angleBeamWedge": {
"width": 0.041,
"height": 0.036000000000000004,
"length": 0.081,
"longitudinalVelocity": 1480.0,
"mountingLocations": [
{
"id": 0,
"wedgeAngle": 0.0,
"primaryOffset": -0.071000000000000008,
"secondaryOffset": 0.0,
"tertiaryOffset": 0.013000000000000001
}
],
"pocketDepth": 0.023
},
"positioning": {
"specimenId": 0,
"surfaceId": 0,
"uCoordinateOffset": 0.0,
"vCoordinateOffset": 0.0,
"skewAngle": 90.0
}
}
]
"wedges": [
{
"id": 0,
"model": "SPWZ1-N60L-IHC",
"serie": "SPWZ1",
"angleBeamWedge": {
"width": 0.04,
"height": 0.06941,
"length": 0.09108,
"longitudinalVelocity": 2330.0,
"mountingLocations": [
{
"id": 0,
"wedgeAngle": 20.03,
"primaryOffset": -0.086750000000000008,
"secondaryOffset": 0.0,
"tertiaryOffset": 0.047009999999999996
}
],
"pocketDepth": 0.0
},
"positioning": {
"specimenId": 0,
"surfaceId": 0,
"uCoordinateOffset": 0.0,
"vCoordinateOffset": 0.0,
"skewAngle": 90.0
}
}
]
"wedges": [
{
"id": 0,
"model": "SA26-DN55L-FD25-SS-IHC-AOD24",
"serie": "SA26",
"angleBeamWedge": {
"width": 0.05,
"height": 0.022494999999999998,
"length": 0.048,
"longitudinalVelocity": 2330.0,
"mountingLocations": [
{
"id": 0,
"wedgeAngle": 18.95,
"primaryOffset": -0.03767,
"secondaryOffset": -0.00962,
"tertiaryOffset": 0.00865,
"squintAngle": 0.0,
"roofAngle": -5.41
},
{
"id": 1,
"wedgeAngle": 18.95,
"primaryOffset": -0.03767,
"secondaryOffset": 0.00962,
"tertiaryOffset": 0.00865,
"squintAngle": 0.0,
"roofAngle": 5.41
}
]
},
"positioning": {
"specimenId": 0,
"surfaceId": 0,
"uCoordinateOffset": 0.0,
"vCoordinateOffset": 0.0,
"skewAngle": 90.0
}
}
]
"wedges": [
{
"id": 0,
"model": "SA27-DN55L-FD15-IHC-AOD18",
"serie": "SA27 (DMA 16x2)",
"angleBeamWedge": {
"width": 0.04,
"height": 0.015065,
"length": 0.028,
"longitudinalVelocity": 2330.0,
"mountingLocations": [
{
"id": 0,
"wedgeAngle": 18.72,
"primaryOffset": -0.02116,
"secondaryOffset": -0.0065399999999999989,
"tertiaryOffset": 0.00739,
"squintAngle": 0.0,
"roofAngle": -4.41
},
{
"id": 1,
"wedgeAngle": 18.72,
"primaryOffset": -0.02116,
"secondaryOffset": 0.0065399999999999989,
"tertiaryOffset": 0.00739,
"squintAngle": 0.0,
"roofAngle": 4.41
}
]
},
"positioning": {
"specimenId": 0,
"surfaceId": 0,
"uCoordinateOffset": 0.0,
"vCoordinateOffset": 0.0,
"skewAngle": 90.0
}
}
]
"wedges": [
{
"id": 0,
"model": "XAIW-0012",
"serie": "XAIW",
"angleBeamWedge": {
"width": 0.016800000000000002,
"height": 0.00897,
"length": 0.021587000000000002,
"longitudinalVelocity": 2330.0,
"mountingLocations": [
{
"id": 0,
"wedgeAngle": 37.5,
"primaryOffset": -0.02,
"secondaryOffset": 0.0,
"tertiaryOffset": 0.0040999999999999995
}
],
"pocketDepth": 0.0
},
"positioning": {
"specimenId": 0,
"surfaceId": 0,
"uCoordinateOffset": 0.0,
"vCoordinateOffset": 0.0,
"skewAngle": 90.0
}
}
]
UT Single and dual element wedge examples
"wedges": [
{
"id": 0,
"model": "ST1-25L-IHC",
"serie": "TOFD",
"angleBeamWedge": {
"width": 0.02106,
"height": 0.01325,
"length": 0.02106,
"longitudinalVelocity": 2330.0,
"mountingLocations": [
{
"id": 0,
"wedgeAngle": 9.6,
"primaryOffset": -0.008,
"secondaryOffset": 0.0,
"tertiaryOffset": 0.0
}
]
},
"positioning": {
"specimenId": 0,
"surfaceId": 0,
"uCoordinateOffset": 0.0,
"vCoordinateOffset": 0.0,
"skewAngle": 90.0
}
}
]
"probes": [
{
"id": 0,
"model": "D713",
"serie": "DUAL",
"conventionalRound": {
"centralFrequency": 10000000.0,
"diameter": 0.00635,
"elements": [
{
"id": 0,
"acquisitionUnitId": 0,
"connectorName": "P1"
}
]
},
"wedgeAssociation": {
"wedgeId": 0,
"mountingLocationId": 0
}
},
{
"id": 1,
"model": "D713",
"serie": "DUAL",
"conventionalRound": {
"centralFrequency": 10000000.0,
"diameter": 0.00635,
"elements": [
{
"id": 0,
"acquisitionUnitId": 0,
"connectorName": "R1"
}
]
},
"wedgeAssociation": {
"wedgeId": 0,
"mountingLocationId": 1
}
}
]